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Question n°1
Which of the following is echocardiography NOT useful in assessing?
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CORRECT – radiography is the test of choice for determining the presence of pulmonary oedema
Question n°2
Which echocardiography mode is used to calculate fractional shortening, a useful measure of contractility?
Question n°3
Which of the following fractional shortening measurements would be considered normal?
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INCORRECT – this is a low fractional shortening, indicating poor contractility. This can occur in conditions such as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
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INCORRECT – this is a low fractional shortening, indicating poor contractility. This can occur in conditions such as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
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INCORRECT – this is a higher fractional shortening than normal, which can (for example) occur in cases with mitral valve disease (MVD)
Question n°4
Which of the following views are particularly useful for the assessment of mitral valve changes in canine mitral valve disease?
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INCORRECT – this view is particularly used for assessing the diameter of the left atrium and aorta to calculate
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INCORRECT – this view is used to subjectively assess the aortic valves and provides good alignment for Doppler flow across the aortic valves.
Question n°5
When using colour Doppler, which colour indicates turbulent blood flow?
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INCORRECT – this colour indicates blood-flow away from the probe
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INCORRECT – this colour indicates blood-flow towards the probe
Question n°6
The left Atrial:Aortic ratio is a useful measure of left atrial size, which has been shown to be a good indicator of prognosis for dogs with mitral valve disease. Which of the following ratios would be considered normal?
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INCORRECT – a ratio of 3.6 indicates that the left atrium is dilated
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INCORRECT – a ratio of 3.6 indicates that the left atrium is dilated
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